General instructions for repairs

The description of the work in this book is in simple language, understandable to all. By adhering to the indicated sequence of actions and using all the recommendations given, the reader should not encounter any difficulties in carrying out repairs. The technical and adjustment data given in Section 1.1 are very important. They must be used during all repairs. It should be remembered that these data will not be presented in further sections of this book. Using them. pay special attention to use data specific to the specific vehicle model you are dealing with.

Performing some simple operations such as, for example, "opening the bonnet" before working on the brakes is so obvious that it will not always be specifically stated in the text. But all the works related to complex ones will be described in sufficient detail.

Here are a few general guidelines to follow when making repairs:

- Nuts and bolts intended for use must be cleaned and lubricated. Always check the surfaces of nuts and threads and remove fine burrs if necessary. In doubtful cases, new bolts or nuts must be used. Once used self-locking nuts must always be replaced with new ones. Bolts and nuts must not be degreased.

- Always adhere to the recommended tightening torques for threaded connections. These values are selected by thematic sections and finding the desired value should not cause difficulties. Moreover, some tightening torques are shown directly in the corresponding figures.

- During assembly, all gaskets, lock washers and O-rings must be replaced with new ones. This also applies to seals. from which the shaft is taken out. Before installing rings of this type, care must be taken to ensure that they are turned in the direction from which oil and grease can leak.


- "right" And "left" the sides of the car are considered to be relative to the observer, who turned his face in the direction of movement of the car when driving forward. The terms should be understood in the same way "ahead" And "behind" car. In special cases, special explanations will be given in the text.

- Oils, greases, chassis protectors and all other petroleum products are aggressive to the rubber parts of the body and the brake system. These substances, including fuel, must be kept away, especially from the elements of the hydraulic system. Only brake fluid or alcohol may be used to clean the brake system. At the same time, one should not forget that the brake fluid is toxic and acts aggressively on the varnished surface.

- An important condition for the correct repair is the use of original spare parts. The use of random details should be avoided. as this can lead to serious problems. The exceptions are parts of electrical equipment, or parts for which the manufacturer provides complete freedom of choice.

- When ordering spare parts, please state the exact model designation, body number, engine number and year of manufacture. This will speed up the execution of the order and eliminate the possibility of error. Particular attention should be paid when purchasing engine parts, as they have undergone a number of design changes compared to older engines of the same size.

- All work on the vehicle, especially related to the braking and steering systems, must be carried out with the utmost care and attention. After each repair, the car must be in good condition in terms of road safety. When repairing, use the recommended tool (pic. 1.2).