How a manual transmission works

Engine power is transmitted through the clutch to the drive shaft (input shaft) manual transmission. This shaft has five helical gears (plus one for reverse gear). These gears have matching gears on the output shaft and are permanently engaged.

Gears and shafts

As long as the connection of the gears is not perceived by their opposite sides, they rotate freely. Only when the gear is engaged, the corresponding pair of gears are connected to each other with a power circuit. The gear lever is operated by means of cables, «switching rocker» and a connecting rod to the shift fork. With the help of a clutch sleeve, it connects the gears of a given transmission to each other with a force lock. In order for the gears to be connected quickly and silently during the shifting process, the synchronizer locking rings provide this pair with the same speed: to do this, they slow down the faster-rotating gear in the thrust cone until the side toothed surfaces of the gears come into silent contact and mesh with each other. with a friend.

Forward gear and reverse gear

The first three gears slow down the engine speed. From the fourth stage of movement, the drive wheels already rotate faster than the engine. Experts talk about the long-shift gearbox, which deliberately emphasizes the protective power characteristic of Ford engines. In fifth gear, the speed difference between engine and drive is further increased: this spares the engine and reduces fuel consumption, especially when driving long distances. In all forward gears, two gears are involved in the process. There are three in reverse gear. The third gear, which is also called the intermediate gear, rotates on its own shaft, it is activated if it is necessary to cause the direction of rotation of the output shaft for reverse.