1. The starter does not turn on. The reasons are the burnout of the F13 fusible link in the fuse and relay box installed in the engine compartment, broken contact connections, an open or short circuit in the starter switching circuits, and a malfunction of the traction relay.
2. When the starter is turned on, multiple clicks are heard. The reasons are a malfunction of the holding winding of the traction relay, a heavily discharged battery, loose contact connections in the starter circuit.
3. The starter turns on, but its armature either does not rotate or rotates slowly. Causes - the battery is discharged, the contact connections are broken, the contacts of the traction relay are burnt, the collector is dirty or the brushes are worn out, interturn or short circuit in the windings.
4. The starter turns on, its armature rotates, but the flywheel remains stationary. Causes - loosening of the starter attachment to the clutch housing, damage to the teeth of the flywheel or drive gear, slipping of the drive freewheel, breakage of the lever, drive ring or buffer spring of the starter drive.
5. The starter does not turn off after starting the engine. The reasons are a malfunction of the starter freewheel, sintering of the contacts of the traction relay. In the event of such a malfunction, stop the engine immediately!
These malfunctions require qualified intervention in a car service or upon arrival at the garage (see sect. 10 «electrical equipment»).
Previously, you can only replace the fusible link in the fuse and relay box, check the degree of discharge of the battery using a voltmeter (for example, as part of an autotester) and tightening of contact connections in the starter circuit.
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