Diesel engines — general information

The engine with intermediate fuel injection into the combustion chamber, four-stroke, four-cylinder, in-line, water-cooled, has a camshaft in the cylinder block, mounted longitudinally in front of the vehicle. The cylinder block is cast iron. The crankshaft is five-bearing, with fixation from axial movement by thrust half rings, which are mounted on the central main bearing. The statically and dynamically balanced flywheel is attached to the crankshaft with six bolts.

The pistons are made of aluminum alloy, with a recess on the bottom. I-section connecting rods, forged and heat treated. Inserts are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod, and a bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head.

The camshaft rotates in three bearings. In the central part it has a helical oil pump drive gear.

The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy, with pressed-in guide bushings and valve seats. Each valve is closed by two springs, which transmit force to the valve through a plate fixed on the valve stem with crackers. The valves are controlled from the camshaft through rods, pushers and levers.

The Carret AiRtsearch T03 turbocharger has been installed since 1988 and is powered by exhaust gas energy. The compressor is located on the same shaft as the turbine. By forcing air under pressure into the cylinders, it increases the filling ratio of the cylinders, resulting in increased engine power and torque. The power system of a turbocharged engine is the same as that of a conventional engine, except for the smoke reduction device, which consists of a valve that regulates the boost pressure and a fuel supply regulator to the high pressure fuel pump.