Engine oil contamination
Depending on the operating conditions, completely different requirements are imposed on engine oils. Therefore, it is very difficult to assign the right lubricant to work in different operating conditions. In engines running for a long time at a high speed of the crankshaft or with a full load, the engine oil heats up to a high temperature. Under the influence of high temperature and atmospheric oxygen, the oil begins to oxidize. Oxidation products increase the viscosity of the oil and can be deposited in the form of a varnish film on the top of the pistons, in the annular grooves and on the valve stems. This can lead to sticking of the valve heads.
Dilution of engine oil in gasoline engines
If the air-fuel mixture is too rich in the cylinders, if the engine rarely runs at full load or is not warm enough (urban traffic), then the fuel does not burn completely. Soot, oil deposits and other products, unburned fuel and moisture condensation cause the formation of sludge, acids and asphalt. Unburned fuel settles on the cold walls of the cylinders and, flowing into the crankcase, washes away the oil film from the working surfaces of the cylinders and pistons. As a result, the lubrication of working surfaces deteriorates and the engine oil dilutes, which, depending on the fuel content in the oil, leads to a deterioration in the lubricating properties of the oil. With a strong dilution of the oil, it must be changed earlier. Because during strenuous travel (with a hot engine) gasoline particles evaporate from the oil, it is necessary to check the engine oil level more often, first of all, in winter (many cold starts - high gasoline content in oil).
Engine oil viscosity
Viscosity refers to the fluidity of an oil. Under the influence of temperature, each oil tends to change its fluidity. As the temperature rises, the oil becomes very fluid. This negatively affects the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the oil film. In cold weather, the oil becomes thick, its viscosity increases, and the internal friction in the lubrication layer increases.
When the engine is cold, the oil must still be sufficiently fluid so that it does not impede the operation of the starter too much and, when the engine starts, it must reach all lubrication points as quickly as possible. All this requires the use of motor oils. the viscosity of which changes with temperature as little as possible.
Fluidity or viscosity is comparable to the internal friction of the oil and is classified according to the SAE system (Society of Automotive Engineers), for example, SAE 30, SAE 10, etc. Higher numbers refer to thick oils and lower numbers to thin oils. However, the viscosity of the oil does not allow any conclusion about its lubricating properties.
All-weather oil
All-weather oils must be used for FORD SCORPIO car engines. This has the advantage that the oils do not have to be changed at the start of the new season (summer Winter). All-weather oils are produced on the basis of low-viscosity seasonal oil (e.g. 15W). Thanks to the so-called thickener, the oil is stabilized when hot, so that the required lubricity is achieved in each operating mode.
The W symbol in the SAE classification indicates winter oil.
Low Friction Oil
Under low friction (energy saving) oils are multi-grade oils that, among other additives, contain friction modifier additives, thanks to which fuel economy is increased by 2%. Low friction oils have a low viscosity (e.g. 10W30). The base oil for low friction oils is synthetic oil. When purchasing a low friction oil, make sure it is approved by FORD for SCORPIO engines.
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